Helen's profile书薄人淡PhotosBlogLists Tools Help
    7/2/2009

    錢鍾書先生-《管錐編》左傳正義63定公十四年

         戲陽速曰:“大子無道,使余殺其母,余不許,將戕於余。若殺夫人,將以余說。余是故許而弗為,以紓余死。諺曰:‘民保於信’,吾以信義也”;《註》:“使義可信,不必信言。”按昭公十四年,叔向屍其弟叔魚於市,仲尼曰:“叔向古之遺直也。……曰:‘義也夫!’可謂直矣!”;《註》:“於義未安,直則有之。”一則失“信”而“義”,一則“直”而不“義”。韓愈《原道》曰:“博愛之謂仁,行而宜之之謂義,由是而之焉之謂道,足乎己無待於外之謂德。仁與義為定名,道與德為虛位。”用之於此,則“信”與“直”為“定名”,而“義”為“虛位”;信、直而不“宜”,則於“義”未安矣。《榖梁傳》僖公二十二年論宋襄公云:“言之所以為言者信也,言而不信,何以為言?信之所以為信者道也,信而不道,何以為道?道之貴者,時其行勢也。”《論語·衛靈公》:“君子貞而不諒”;孔註:“正其道耳,言不必小信。”《孟子·離婁》:“大人者,言不必信,行不必果,唯義所在。”《呂氏春秋·當務篇》論“大亂天下者”有四,其一為“信而不當理”。皆可與戲陽速語相發明。曰“當理”,曰“義所在”,曰“行而宜之”,即不“執一”也,參觀前論成公十五年。柳宗元《四維論》謂“廉與恥,義之小節也,不得與義抗而為維”,亦相發明。莎士比亞劇中人云:“善事而不得當,則反其本性,變成惡事。道德乖宜則轉為罪過”(Nor aught so good but strain'd from that fair use/Revolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse./Virtue itself turns vice, being misapplied)。又一文家云:“善德與過惡之區別,非如敵國之此疆彼圉間以墉垣關塞、大海崇山,界畫分明,而每似村落之比連鄰接”(Virtues and vices have not in all their instances a great landmark set between them, like warlike nations separate by prodigious walls, vast seas, and portentous hills; but they are oftentimes like the bounds of a parish);尤罕譬而喻。硜硜之信,悻悻之直,方自以為守德拳拳勿稍失,初不知移踵舉趾,倏已度陌經阡,踰坊越境。失“宜”倍“理”,則“德”轉為忒矣。

    Comments

    Please wait...
    Sorry, the comment you entered is too long. Please shorten it.
    You didn't enter anything. Please try again.
    Sorry, we can't add your comment right now. Please try again later.
    To add a comment, you need permission from your parent. Ask for permission
    Your parent has turned off comments.
    Sorry, we can't delete your comment right now. Please try again later.
    You've exceeded the maximum number of comments that can be left in one day. Please try again in 24 hours.
    Your account has had the ability to leave comments disabled because our systems indicate that you may be spamming other users. If you believe that your account has been disabled in error please contact Windows Live support.
    Complete the security check below to finish leaving your comment.
    The characters you type in the security check must match the characters in the picture or audio.

    To add a comment, sign in with your Windows Live ID (if you use Hotmail, Messenger, or Xbox LIVE, you have a Windows Live ID). Sign in


    Don't have a Windows Live ID? Sign up

    Trackbacks

    The trackback URL for this entry is:
    http://heilunlau.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!E8CBE094C012698B!4057.trak
    Weblogs that reference this entry
    • None