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    6/28/2009

    錢鍾書先生-《管錐編》左傳正義55昭公十九年

        《經》:“許世子止弑其君買”;《傳》:“許悼公瘧,……飲大子止之藥卒。……書曰:‘弑其君’。君子曰:盡心力以事君,舍藥物可也’”;《正義》:“輕果進藥,故罪同於弑,雖原其本心,而《春秋》不舍其罪”,按服虔註謂進藥而“不由醫”,故國史書“弑”。隱公元年《經》書“鄭伯克段”,《傳》曰“謂之鄭志”,是誅心之筆;此處《經》書“止弑其君”,《正義》言“原本心而不舍罪”,是誅迹之筆。倫理學有主意願(Gesinnungsethik)與主事效(Erfolgsethik)之別,亦即《孟子·滕文公》答彭更所謂“志”與“功”。《榖梁傳》宣公二年以止與趙盾並舉為忠與孝之“至”,是意願論也。晁說之《嵩山集》卷一七《趙懿簡〈春秋經解〉序》:“有名世大儒為矯枉之論曰:‘隱非讓,盾、止實弑’,國中勇聞而嚮風,莫敢少異”,蓋述王安石語;錢謙益《牧齋初學集》卷二一《春秋論》五首亦專明盾、止之弑君;是事效論矣。

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