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    6/25/2009

    錢鍾書先生-《管錐編》左傳正義45襄公二十七年

         向戌欲弭諸侯之兵以為名,子罕曰:“誰能去兵?兵之設久矣,所以威不軌而昭文德也。聖人以興,亂人以廢,廢興存亡昏明之術,皆兵之由也。”按《戰國策·趙策》三記趙王曰:“寡人不好兵”,鄭同因撫手仰天而笑之曰:“今有強貪之國,臨王之境,索王之地,告以理則不可,說以義則不聽,王非戰國守圉之具,其將何以當之?王若無兵,鄰國得志矣!”《呂氏春秋·蕩兵》篇發揮其旨尤詳,高誘註正引《左傳》此節釋之。《文子·道原》及《莊子·庚桑楚》皆曰:“兵莫憯於志,鏌鎁為下”;《呂氏春秋》實乃闡文、莊而言之酣暢爾。其詞曰:“古聖王有義兵,而無有偃兵。……察兵之微:在心而未發,兵也;疾視,兵也;作色,兵也;傲言,兵也;援推,兵也;連反,兵也;侈鬭,兵也;三軍攻戰,兵也。……今世之以偃兵疾說者,終身用兵而不自知,悖!”直指本源,洞窺徼眇。《韓非子·五蠹》:“上古競於道德,中世逐於智謀,當今爭於氣力”;夫角智鬭力,世所熟知,至“道德”亦即爭競之具,韓子真能“察兵之微”者!霍柏士謂戰爭非直兩軍廝殺,人之情性無時不欲爭,即戰所寓也(The nature of war consisteth not in actual fighting, but in the known disposition thereto during all the time);曩日言心理者,莫不以爭鬭(pugnacity)列為本能(instinct)之一。吾國先秦諸子早省殺機之伏於尋常言動矣。

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