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    6/24/2009

    錢鍾書先生-《管錐編》左傳正義42/43襄公二十五年(二)(三)

    《管錐編》左傳正義42襄公二十五年(二)
              趙文子曰:“若敬行其禮,道之以文辭,以靖諸侯,兵可以弭。”按昭公十三年,劉獻公對叔向曰:“君苟有信,諸侯不貳,何患焉?告之以文辭,董之以武師。”兩“文辭”略當今語所謂“宣傳”。襄公二十五年,仲尼曰:“言之無文,行而不遠;晉為伯,鄭入陳,非文辭不為功。慎辭哉!”此“文辭”則指宣傳而兼外交詞令。皆謂官方語言也。《戰國策·秦策》一蘇秦說秦惠王曰:“繁稱文辭,天下不治”,當與《墨子·非命》篇中:“凡出言談由文學之為道也”,下:“君子之為文學出言談也”,《韓非子·難言》篇:“殊釋文學”,《問辯》篇:“此世之所以多文學也”,《六反》篇:“離法之民也,而世尊之曰‘文學之士’”等合觀。“文辭”、“文學”皆謂私人創說、處士橫議,異於公文官話者也。
     
    《管錐編》左傳正義43襄公二十五年(三)
              “子產喜,以語子太叔,且曰:‘他日吾見蔑之面而已,今吾見其心矣。”按昭公二十八年“鬷蔑惡”,《註》:“貌醜。”蓋子產“他日”以貌取人,失於皮相;特言“見面”,即謂其貌醜也。昭公二十八年,叔向執鬷蔑手曰:“今子少不颺,子若無言,吾幾失子矣!”正亦子產之意。《太平御覽》卷三八二引束晳《發蒙記》云:“醜男鬷蔑,醜女鍾離春。”“惡”言形狀,非言品行,與“美”對而不與“善”對。襄公二十六年,“佐惡而婉,大子痤美而很”,哀公二十七年,“惡而無勇”,皆此“惡”字。《莊子·德充符》:“衛有惡人”,《孟子·離婁》:“雖有惡人”,均指醜人。《呂氏春秋·去尤》篇:“魯有惡者,其父出而見商咄,反而告其鄰曰:‘商咄不若吾子矣!’且其子至惡也,商咄至美也,彼以至美不如至惡,尤乎愛也。”尤足為《大學》“人莫知其子之惡”箋釋。

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